Advanced Emergency Medical Technician (AEMT) Practice Test

When checking for edema in a patient with suspected heart​ failure, which of these is a key area you should​ inspect?

1. Thoracic area of the back

2. Over the sternum

3. Sacral area of the back

4. Upper arms

The correct answer is: Sacral area of the back

Inspecting the sacral area of the back is particularly important when assessing for edema in patients with suspected heart failure. This region is prone to fluid accumulation due to gravity, especially in individuals who may be bedridden or sitting for extended periods. In heart failure, the heart’s diminished ability to pump blood effectively can lead to fluid retention in lower parts of the body, predominantly manifesting as edema. The sacral area often reflects changes in fluid status because, when the heart fails to maintain adequate circulation, fluids can pool in the lower extremities and dependent areas of the body. Therefore, assessing this area can provide valuable insight into the patient’s condition and the severity of their heart failure. While the thoracic area of the back, sternum, and upper arms may be inspected for relevant signs, such as respiratory distress or peripheral edema, they are less indicative of systemic fluid retention compared to the sacral area, making it the most critical area to check for edema in this context.